Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

HS v2017 Code: 27

About mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

HS code 27 covers a diverse range of mineral-based products that are essential to the global economy. This industry encompasses the extraction, refining, and distribution of fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, as well as related derivatives like gasoline, diesel, and lubricants. These mineral fuels and oils are the primary energy sources that power transportation, industrial processes, and electricity generation worldwide, making this industry a critical component of the global supply chain.

Production process

The production of mineral fuels and oils typically involves a multi-stage process. Crude oil and natural gas are extracted from underground reservoirs through drilling operations, while coal is mined from geological deposits. These raw materials are then transported to refineries, where they undergo a series of distillation, cracking, and purification processes to separate the various hydrocarbon components and produce a wide range of refined products, such as gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oils.

Production inputs

The key inputs for this industry include the natural resources of crude oil, natural gas, and coal, as well as specialized equipment and machinery for extraction, transportation, and refining. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including geologists, engineers, and technicians, to operate the complex production facilities. Significant capital investment is also required to develop and maintain the infrastructure necessary for the exploration, extraction, and distribution of these mineral fuels and oils.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 27 include a diverse range of refined petroleum products, such as 2710 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or included, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils, 2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons, and 2713 Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals. These outputs are then consumed by a wide range of industries, including transportation, manufacturing, and power generation, making this industry a critical component of the global economy.

Family tree for mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/27'>27: Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2701'>2701: Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2702'>2702: Lignite; whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2703'>2703: Peat; (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2704'>2704: Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2705'>2705: Coal gas, water gas, producer gas and similar gases, other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2706'>2706: Tar distilled from coal, from lignite, peat and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled; including reconstituted tars</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2707'>2707: Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2708'>2708: Pitch and pitch coke; obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2709'>2709: Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2710'>2710: Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; these being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2711'>2711: Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2712'>2712: Petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, micro-crystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, similar products obtained by synthesis, other processes; coloured or not</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2713'>2713: Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen; other residues of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2714'>2714: Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2715'>2715: Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt; on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2716'>2716: Electrical energy</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight