Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal

HS v2017 Code: 2701

About coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal

HS code 2701 covers a crucial segment of the energy industry - the production and trade of coal and related solid fuels. Coal is a vital natural resource that has been powering economies worldwide for centuries, playing a central role in electricity generation, industrial processes, and residential heating. The coal industry is a significant contributor to the global economy, with major producers and exporters shaping international trade and energy policies.

Production process

The production of coal and related solid fuels under HS code 2701 involves a series of well-established techniques. The process typically begins with the mining of raw coal deposits, either through surface mining or underground extraction methods. The extracted coal is then processed, which may include crushing, screening, and washing to remove impurities. Depending on the desired end product, the coal may be further transformed into briquettes, ovoids, or other solid fuel forms through compaction and heat treatment.

Production inputs

The coal industry relies on a range of inputs to support its production activities. The primary raw material is, of course, the coal deposits themselves, which are found in various geological formations around the world. Additionally, the industry requires specialized mining equipment, such as excavators, conveyor belts, and processing machinery. Energy sources, such as electricity or diesel fuel, are also essential for powering the extraction and transformation processes. Labor, both skilled and unskilled, is another crucial input, as is access to transportation infrastructure to move the final products to domestic and international markets.

Production outputs

The primary output of HS code 2701 is coal and various solid fuel products derived from it, such as briquettes, ovoids, and other compressed forms. These outputs are widely consumed by a range of industries, including 2701 Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal, 2704 Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat; retort carbon, and 2716 Electrical energy.

Family tree for coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/27'>27: Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2701'>2701: Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2702'>2702: Lignite; whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2703'>2703: Peat; (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2704'>2704: Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2705'>2705: Coal gas, water gas, producer gas and similar gases, other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2706'>2706: Tar distilled from coal, from lignite, peat and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled; including reconstituted tars</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2707'>2707: Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2708'>2708: Pitch and pitch coke; obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2709'>2709: Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2710'>2710: Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; these being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2711'>2711: Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2712'>2712: Petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, micro-crystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, similar products obtained by synthesis, other processes; coloured or not</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2713'>2713: Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen; other residues of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2714'>2714: Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2715'>2715: Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt; on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2716'>2716: Electrical energy</a>"]

    B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/270111'>270111: Coal; anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/270112'>270112: Coal; bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/270119'>270119: Coal; (other than anthracite and bituminous), whether or not pulverised but not agglomerated</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/270120'>270120: Briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels; manufactured from coal</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight