MINING AND QUARRYING

NACE code B, 'Mining and Quarrying', encompasses a diverse range of economic activities that are vital to the global economy. This industry is responsible for the extraction of naturally occurring mineral resources, such as coal, metal ores, and various types of stone, sand, and clay. The mining and quarrying sector plays a crucial role in supplying the raw materials necessary for the production of a wide array of goods and services, making it an integral part of the broader industrial landscape.

The main production techniques used in the mining and quarrying industry involve the extraction of these natural resources from the earth's surface or subsurface. This can be done through a variety of methods, including open-pit mining, underground mining, and quarrying. The specific techniques employed depend on the type of resource being extracted, the geological characteristics of the deposit, and the scale of the operation.

The mining and quarrying industry requires a range of inputs to support its production processes. These include heavy machinery and equipment, such as excavators, bulldozers, and drilling rigs, as well as specialized tools and technologies for exploration, extraction, and processing. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including geologists, mining engineers, and equipment operators. Energy sources, such as fuel and electricity, are also essential inputs for the various stages of mining and quarrying activities.

The primary outputs of the mining and quarrying industry are the extracted mineral resources, which are then used as inputs for a wide range of other industries. For example, the C MANUFACTURING industry may consume coal, metal ores, and other minerals for the production of various goods. The F CONSTRUCTION industry may utilize sand, gravel, and stone for the construction of buildings, roads, and infrastructure. Additionally, some mining and quarrying products, such as precious metals and gemstones, may be used in the G WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE and R ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION sectors.