Copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought
HS v2022 Code: 7403
About copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought
HS code 7403 covers refined copper and copper alloys in unwrought form. This industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, as copper is a highly versatile and essential material used in a wide range of applications, from electrical wiring and plumbing to industrial machinery and consumer electronics. The production and trade of refined copper and copper alloys are vital to supporting economic growth and development worldwide.
Production process
The production of refined copper and copper alloys typically involves several key steps. First, copper ore is extracted from mines and then processed through smelting and refining techniques to produce pure copper metal. This refined copper can then be alloyed with other metals, such as zinc or tin, to create a variety of copper alloys with unique properties. The specific production methods may vary depending on the desired final product, but generally involve casting, rolling, or other metalworking processes to shape the copper into the desired unwrought form.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the production of refined copper and copper alloys include copper ore, as well as various alloying elements like zinc, tin, or nickel. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized equipment and machinery for mining, smelting, refining, and metalworking processes. Energy sources, such as electricity or natural gas, are also crucial inputs for the various stages of production.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of HS code 7403 are refined copper and a range of copper alloys in unwrought forms, such as ingots, billets, or bars. These materials are then consumed by a variety of downstream industries, including 8501 Electric motors and generators, 8536 Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, and 7411 Copper tubes and pipes.
Family tree for copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/74'>74: Copper and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7403'>7403: Copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7401'>7401: Copper mattes; cement copper (precipitated copper)</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7402'>7402: Copper; unrefined, copper anodes for electrolytic refining</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7404'>7404: Copper; waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7405'>7405: Copper; master alloys</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7406'>7406: Copper; powders and flakes</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7407'>7407: Copper; bars, rods and profiles</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7408'>7408: Copper wire</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7409'>7409: Copper plates, sheets and strip; of a thickness exceeding 0.15mm</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7410'>7410: Copper foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials) of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.15mm</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7411'>7411: Copper tubes and pipes</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7412'>7412: Copper; tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves)</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7413'>7413: Copper; stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, not electrically insulated</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7415'>7415: Copper, nails, tacks, drawing pins, staples (not those of heading no. 8305) and the like, of copper or iron or steel with heads of copper; screws bolts, nuts, screws hooks, rivets, cotters, washers</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7418'>7418: Copper; table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof; pot scourers, scouring, polishing pads, gloves and the like; sanitary ware and parts thereof</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7419'>7419: Copper; articles thereof n.e.c. in chapter 74</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740311'>740311: Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740312'>740312: Copper; refined, unwrought, wire-bars</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740313'>740313: Copper; refined, unwrought, billets</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740319'>740319: Copper; refined, unwrought, n.e.c. in item no. 7403.1</a>"]
B --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740321'>740321: Copper; copper-zinc base alloys (brass) unwrought</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740322'>740322: Copper; copper-tin base alloys (bronze) unwrought</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/740329'>740329: Copper; copper alloys n.e.c. in heading no. 7403 (other than master alloys of heading no. 7405)</a>"]
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class G level4
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class I level4
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class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
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class S level6
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class W level6
class X level6
class B highlight
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