Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures; of other than porcelain or china

HS code 691090 covers a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, excluding those made of porcelain or china. These products are essential components of modern plumbing and bathroom infrastructure, playing a crucial role in the construction and renovation of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. The demand for these ceramic sanitary fixtures is driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and the ongoing need for efficient and hygienic sanitation solutions.

The production of ceramic sanitary fixtures typically involves a multi-step process. Raw materials, such as clay, feldspar, and silica, are carefully selected and mixed to achieve the desired properties. The mixture is then shaped using techniques like pressing, casting, or extrusion, and undergoes drying and firing at high temperatures to achieve the final ceramic form. Glazing and decorative finishes may be applied to enhance the appearance and durability of the products.

The main inputs required for the production of ceramic sanitary fixtures include raw materials like clay, feldspar, and silica, as well as specialized machinery for shaping, drying, and firing the ceramic components. Energy sources, such as natural gas or electricity, are also essential for the high-temperature firing process. Additionally, skilled labor and advanced manufacturing techniques are necessary to ensure the quality and consistency of the final products.

The primary outputs of HS code 691090 are a diverse range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, including sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, and urinals. These products are typically consumed by the construction industry, particularly in the residential and commercial building sectors, as well as the plumbing and home improvement markets. Related HS codes that may consume the output of 691090 include 442110 Seats, 732490 Sanitary ware and parts thereof, of iron or steel, and 732510 Cast articles of non-malleable cast iron, not elsewhere specified or included.