Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures; of porcelain or china

HS code 691010 covers a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, including sinks, wash basins, baths, bidets, and water closet pans. These products are essential components of modern plumbing and bathroom infrastructure, playing a crucial role in the construction and renovation of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. The global market for these ceramic sanitary fixtures is driven by factors such as rising construction activities, increasing urbanization, and growing consumer demand for high-quality, durable, and aesthetically pleasing bathroom fixtures.

The production of ceramic sanitary fixtures typically involves a multi-step process. Raw materials, such as clay, feldspar, and silica, are carefully selected and blended to achieve the desired composition. The mixture is then shaped using techniques like slip casting, pressing, or extrusion, depending on the specific product. The shaped pieces are then dried and fired in high-temperature kilns, which fuse the materials and give the products their characteristic hardness and durability. Finally, the fixtures may undergo additional finishing processes, such as glazing or polishing, to enhance their appearance and functionality.

The main inputs required for the production of ceramic sanitary fixtures include raw materials like clay, feldspar, and silica, as well as energy sources for the firing process, such as natural gas or electricity. Specialized machinery, such as molding equipment, kilns, and finishing tools, are also essential for the manufacturing of these products. Additionally, skilled labor, including ceramic engineers, technicians, and designers, play a crucial role in the production and quality control of ceramic sanitary fixtures.

The primary outputs of HS code 691010 are a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, including sinks, wash basins, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, and urinals. These products are typically consumed by the construction and renovation industries, as they are essential components of modern bathroom and plumbing systems. Other related HS codes that may consume the output of 691010 include 732490 Other sanitary ware and parts thereof, of iron or steel and 392290 Other articles for the conveyance or packing of goods, of plastics.