Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures; of other than porcelain or china

HS code 691090 covers a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, excluding those made of porcelain or china. These products are essential components of modern plumbing and bathroom infrastructure, playing a crucial role in the construction and renovation industries. The global demand for these ceramic sanitary fixtures is driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and the ongoing need for new and upgraded residential, commercial, and public facilities.

The production of ceramic sanitary fixtures typically involves a multi-step process. Raw materials, such as clay, feldspar, and silica, are carefully selected and mixed to achieve the desired composition. The mixture is then shaped using techniques like slip casting, pressing, or extrusion, depending on the specific product. After shaping, the pieces undergo drying and high-temperature firing in kilns to achieve the desired hardness, strength, and durability. Finally, the finished products may undergo glazing, decorative treatments, and quality control inspections before being packaged and distributed.

The main inputs required for the production of ceramic sanitary fixtures include raw materials like clay, feldspar, and silica, as well as energy sources for firing the kilns. Specialized machinery, such as molding equipment, drying chambers, and kilns, are also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, skilled labor, including ceramic engineers, technicians, and designers, play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and innovation of these products.

The primary outputs of HS code 691090 are a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, including sinks, wash basins, pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, and urinals. These products are primarily consumed by the construction and renovation industries, as they are essential components of residential, commercial, and public bathroom and plumbing systems. Other related HS codes that may consume the output of 691090 include 442110 Wood kitchen furniture, 732490 Sanitary ware and parts of iron or steel, and 701090 Glass sanitary ware.