Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures; of porcelain or china

HS code 691010 covers a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, including sinks, wash basins, baths, bidets, and water closet pans. These products are essential components of modern plumbing and bathroom infrastructure, playing a crucial role in the construction and renovation of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. The global demand for these sanitary fixtures is driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and rising living standards, making this industry an important contributor to the broader economy.

The production of ceramic sanitary fixtures typically involves a multi-step process. Raw materials such as clay, feldspar, and quartz are carefully selected and mixed to create the desired ceramic composition. The mixture is then shaped using techniques like slip casting, pressing, or extrusion, depending on the specific product. The shaped pieces are then dried, fired in high-temperature kilns, and often glazed to achieve the desired surface finish and appearance. Quality control measures are implemented throughout the production process to ensure the durability, functionality, and aesthetic appeal of the final products.

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 691010 items include high-quality clay, feldspar, quartz, and other mineral additives. Specialized machinery, such as molding equipment, kilns, and glazing systems, are also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, skilled labor, energy sources, and water are important inputs for this industry.

The primary outputs of HS code 691010 are a wide range of ceramic sanitary fixtures, including sinks, wash basins, baths, bidets, and water closet pans. These products are typically consumed by the construction industry, particularly in the residential and commercial building sectors, as well as the plumbing and home improvement markets. Other related HS codes that may consume the output of 691010 include 732490 Sanitary ware and parts thereof, of iron or steel and 392210 Baths, shower-baths, sinks and washbasins, of plastics.