Cement, concrete or artificial stone; prefabricated structural components for building or civil engineering, whether or not reinforced

HS code 681091 covers a diverse range of prefabricated building materials, including cement, concrete, and artificial stone products. These materials play a crucial role in the construction industry, providing the essential structural components that form the backbone of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure. As a key input for a wide array of construction projects, the 681091 industry is a vital part of the broader economy, supporting economic growth and development across numerous sectors.

The production of materials under HS code 681091 typically involves a combination of mixing, molding, and curing processes. Cement and concrete are produced by blending cement powder, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), and water, then pouring the mixture into molds to create the desired shapes. Artificial stone, on the other hand, is often made by compressing and curing a mixture of natural and synthetic materials. Prefabricated structural components may be further reinforced with steel or other materials to enhance their strength and durability.

The main inputs required for the 681091 industry include cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), water, and various admixtures and additives that can improve the properties of the final products. Specialized machinery, such as concrete mixers, molds, and curing chambers, are also essential for the production process. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including engineers, technicians, and construction workers, to design, manufacture, and install the prefabricated structural components.

The primary outputs of the 681091 industry are a wide range of prefabricated building materials, including concrete blocks, precast concrete panels, artificial stone tiles, and other structural components. These products are then used in the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, and other infrastructure projects, often in conjunction with other construction materials such as 441820 Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, 730820 Structures and parts of structures; plates, rods, angles, shapes and the like, of iron or steel, and 680221 Marble, travertine and alabaster. The 681091 industry is a crucial supplier to the broader construction sector, supporting the development of essential infrastructure and the built environment.