Enzymes; rennet and concentrates thereof

HS code 350710 covers enzymes, rennet, and concentrates thereof. Enzymes are complex proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, playing a vital role in various industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Rennet, a key enzyme complex used in cheesemaking, is also included under this code. As essential components in numerous manufacturing processes, enzymes and rennet are integral to the global economy, contributing to the production of a wide range of consumer and industrial products.

Enzymes are typically produced through fermentation processes, where microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, are cultivated to produce the desired enzyme. The enzymes are then extracted, purified, and concentrated for commercial use. Rennet, on the other hand, is traditionally obtained from the fourth stomach chamber of young ruminant animals, such as calves, lambs, or kids. In modern production, rennet is also produced through microbial fermentation or by using genetically engineered microorganisms.

The production of enzymes and rennet requires a range of inputs, including fermentation media, such as carbohydrates, nitrogen sources, and minerals, as well as specialized equipment like bioreactors, centrifuges, and chromatography systems. For rennet production, the primary input is the stomach lining of young ruminant animals. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including microbiologists, biochemists, and process engineers, to develop and optimize production methods.

The outputs of HS code 350710 are primarily used as ingredients or processing aids in various industries. Enzymes find applications in food processing (e.g., 040690 Cheese, 190190 Bakery), pharmaceuticals (e.g., 300490 Medicaments), textiles, and detergents. Rennet is primarily used in the production of 040690 Cheese and other dairy products. The outputs of this industry are essential for the manufacturing of a wide range of consumer and industrial goods.