Earth colours; containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3

HS code 282120 covers a group of natural mineral pigments known as 'earth colours' or 'ochres'. These pigments are primarily composed of iron oxides and are valued for their ability to provide a range of earthy, muted tones in various applications. The earth colours industry plays a vital role in the production of paints, coatings, ceramics, and other materials, contributing to the broader manufacturing and construction sectors.

The production of earth colours under HS code 282120 typically involves the mining and processing of natural mineral deposits. The raw materials are extracted from the earth, crushed, and then subjected to various purification and refining techniques to remove impurities and achieve the desired composition and color characteristics. This may include processes such as washing, screening, and thermal treatment to enhance the pigment properties.

The primary inputs for the earth colours industry under HS code 282120 are the natural mineral deposits containing high concentrations of iron oxides. These raw materials are typically sourced from specialized mining operations. In addition to the mineral feedstock, the production process may require various processing equipment, such as crushers, mills, and drying facilities, as well as energy sources and water for the purification and refining stages.

The main outputs of the earth colours industry under HS code 282120 are the refined pigment products, which can be used in a wide range of applications. These pigments are commonly used in the manufacture of paints, coatings, and other decorative materials, as well as in the production of ceramics, glass, and construction materials. The earth colours may also be consumed by industries producing 282110 Iron oxides and hydroxides and 320611 Pigments and preparations based on titanium dioxide.