Earth colours; containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3

HS code 282120 covers a group of natural mineral pigments known as 'earth colours' or 'iron oxides'. These pigments are primarily composed of iron oxides and are widely used in various industries, including paints, coatings, ceramics, and construction materials. Their importance lies in their ability to provide a range of earthy, natural tones and their durability, making them a crucial component in many industrial and consumer products.

The production of earth colours under HS code 282120 typically involves the mining and processing of natural iron-rich mineral deposits. The raw materials are extracted from the earth, crushed, and then subjected to various purification and refining processes to remove impurities and achieve the desired composition and particle size. These processes may include washing, screening, and thermal treatment, depending on the specific requirements of the end-use application.

The main inputs required for the production of earth colours under HS code 282120 are the natural mineral deposits containing high concentrations of iron oxides. These raw materials are typically found in regions with geological formations rich in iron-bearing minerals. In addition to the raw materials, the production process may also require specialized equipment, such as crushing and grinding machinery, as well as energy sources for thermal treatment and other processing steps.

The primary output of HS code 282120 is a range of natural mineral pigments, including ochres, siennas, and umbers, which are used in various applications. These pigments are often consumed by industries producing 320611 Pigments and preparations based on titanium dioxide, 320612 Pigments and preparations based on chromium compounds, and 320649 Other colouring matter and other preparations, where they are incorporated into paints, coatings, and other coloring products. The earth colours under this code may also find use in the production of ceramics, construction materials, and other specialized applications.