Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.

HS code 280300 covers a diverse range of carbon-based materials, including carbon blacks, graphite, and other forms of elemental carbon. These materials play a crucial role in a wide array of industries, from manufacturing and construction to energy production and environmental applications. As a fundamental building block of many products, the carbon industry is a vital component of the global economy.

The production of carbon-based materials under HS code 280300 typically involves various thermal and chemical processes. Carbon blacks, for example, are produced by the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as natural gas or petroleum oils. Other forms of carbon, like graphite, are extracted from natural deposits or synthesized through high-temperature processes. The specific techniques used can vary depending on the desired properties and applications of the final product.

The main inputs required for the production of carbon-based materials under HS code 280300 include hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as natural gas, petroleum oils, and coal; as well as specialized equipment and machinery for thermal processing, chemical treatment, and purification. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, energy sources, and transportation infrastructure to support the manufacturing and distribution of these materials.

The carbon-based materials produced under HS code 280300 have a wide range of applications. Carbon blacks are commonly used as reinforcing fillers in rubber products, such as tires 401120 New pneumatic tyres, of rubber, and as pigments in inks, paints, and plastics 320611 Pigments and preparations based on titanium dioxide. Graphite and other forms of carbon are used in the production of electrodes, batteries, and various industrial and consumer products. The outputs of this industry are often consumed by manufacturers in 870323 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, including station wagons and racing cars, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,500 cc but not exceeding 3,000 cc, 851770 Parts of telephone sets, telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks, and 854420 Optical fibre cables; made up of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors.