Petroleum coke; (not calcined), obtained from bituminous minerals

HS v2022 Code: 271311

About petroleum coke; (not calcined), obtained from bituminous minerals

HS code 271311 covers petroleum coke, a solid carbon-rich material obtained as a by-product during the refining of crude oil. Petroleum coke is a crucial industrial commodity, finding widespread applications in various sectors, including steel production, cement manufacturing, and power generation. As a cost-effective and energy-dense fuel, petroleum coke plays a significant role in supporting the global economy and meeting the growing energy demands of industrialized nations.

Production process

Petroleum coke is produced through the thermal cracking of heavy oil fractions, such as vacuum residues, during the oil refining process. The process involves heating the heavy oil feedstock to high temperatures, which causes the long-chain hydrocarbon molecules to break down into smaller, more volatile components. The solid carbon-rich residue that remains is the petroleum coke, which is then separated and further processed, depending on its intended use.

Production inputs

The primary input for the production of petroleum coke is heavy oil fractions, typically obtained as a by-product of the crude oil refining process. Additionally, the production of petroleum coke requires specialized refining equipment, such as coking units, as well as energy sources to maintain the high temperatures necessary for the thermal cracking process.

Production outputs

The primary output of HS code 271311 is petroleum coke, which can be further classified into different grades based on its physical and chemical properties. These grades are then consumed by various industries, including 7201 Iron and steel, 2523 Cement, and 2701 Coal, where it is used as a fuel or a raw material in their respective production processes.

Revisions to 271311

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 271311. The most recent 1 version of this code (271311) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 271311.

Family tree for petroleum coke; (not calcined), obtained from bituminous minerals

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/27'>27: Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2713'>2713: Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen; other residues of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/271311'>271311: Petroleum coke; (not calcined), obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/271312'>271312: Petroleum coke; calcined, obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/271320'>271320: Petroleum bitumen; obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/271390'>271390: Residues; of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight