Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

HS v2022 Code: 27

About mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

HS code 27 covers a diverse range of mineral-based products that are essential to the global economy. This industry encompasses the extraction, refining, and distribution of fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, as well as the production of related products like lubricants, waxes, and bituminous substances. These resources play a crucial role in powering transportation, generating electricity, and serving as feedstock for a wide array of industries, making this sector a vital component of the international trade landscape.

Production process

The production techniques within the HS code 27 industry vary depending on the specific product. Crude oil and natural gas are typically extracted from underground reservoirs through drilling operations, while coal is mined from the earth's surface or underground. These raw materials are then refined and processed using a range of techniques, such as distillation, cracking, and catalytic conversion, to produce a diverse array of end products, including gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, lubricants, and petrochemical feedstocks.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the HS code 27 industry include the natural resources themselves, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized equipment and machinery for exploration, extraction, and refining processes, as well as a skilled workforce to operate these systems. Transportation infrastructure, such as pipelines, tankers, and storage facilities, is also a critical input for the efficient movement and distribution of these essential commodities.

Production outputs

The HS code 27 industry generates a wide range of outputs, including 2710 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude; preparations n.e.c., containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils, 2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons, 2713 Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, and 2715 Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch. These products are then consumed by a variety of other industries, such as transportation, power generation, and manufacturing.

Family tree for mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/27'>27: Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2701'>2701: Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2702'>2702: Lignite; whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2703'>2703: Peat; (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2704'>2704: Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2705'>2705: Coal gas, water gas, producer gas and similar gases, other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2706'>2706: Tar distilled from coal, from lignite, peat and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled; including reconstituted tars</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2707'>2707: Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2708'>2708: Pitch and pitch coke; obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2709'>2709: Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2710'>2710: Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; these being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2711'>2711: Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2712'>2712: Petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, micro-crystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, similar products obtained by synthesis, other processes; coloured or not</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2713'>2713: Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen; other residues of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2714'>2714: Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2715'>2715: Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt; on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2716'>2716: Electrical energy</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight