Molybdenum ores and concentrates; other than roasted

HS code 261390 covers the trade of molybdenum ores and concentrates, excluding roasted molybdenum. Molybdenum is a rare and valuable metal with a wide range of industrial applications, making it an important commodity in the global economy. This code encompasses the mining, processing, and trade of molybdenum-bearing minerals and materials, which are essential inputs for various manufacturing and chemical industries.

Molybdenum ores and concentrates are typically produced through mining and mineral processing techniques. The primary production process involves extracting molybdenum-containing minerals from the earth, such as molybdenite (MoS2), through open-pit or underground mining methods. The extracted ore is then crushed, ground, and concentrated using various physical and chemical separation techniques, such as flotation, to increase the molybdenum content and remove impurities.

The main inputs required for the production of molybdenum ores and concentrates include mining equipment, such as excavators, crushers, and grinding mills, as well as reagents and chemicals used in the mineral processing and concentration stages. Additionally, energy sources, such as electricity or diesel fuel, are needed to power the mining and processing operations. The availability of skilled labor and access to molybdenum-bearing mineral deposits are also critical inputs for this industry.

The primary output of HS code 261390 is molybdenum ores and concentrates, which are then further processed and refined to produce various molybdenum products. These molybdenum-containing materials are used as inputs for the production of 810210 Molybdenum unwrought, 810220 Molybdenum waste and scrap, and 810230 Molybdenum powders, which are classified under different HS codes. Molybdenum is an essential alloying element in the production of 720211 Ferro-molybdenum and is also used in the manufacturing of lubricants, catalysts, and various other industrial and technological applications.