Molybdenum ores and concentrates; other than roasted

HS code 261390 covers the trade of molybdenum ores and concentrates, excluding those that have been roasted. Molybdenum is a rare, silvery-gray metallic element that is highly valued for its unique properties, including high melting point, strength, and resistance to corrosion. The molybdenum mining and processing industry plays a crucial role in the global supply chain, providing essential raw materials for a wide range of industries, from steel production to electronics manufacturing.

Molybdenum ores are typically extracted from open-pit or underground mines. The ore is then crushed, ground, and processed using a combination of physical and chemical techniques to concentrate the molybdenum content. Common processing methods include froth flotation, roasting, and leaching. The resulting molybdenum concentrate is then further refined and processed into various molybdenum products, such as molybdenum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, and ferromolybdenum.

The primary inputs for the molybdenum mining and processing industry include the raw molybdenum-bearing ores, which are typically extracted from mines located in regions with significant molybdenum deposits. Other key inputs include energy sources (such as electricity and fuel), water, and various chemicals and reagents used in the concentration and refining processes. Specialized mining and processing equipment, as well as skilled labor, are also essential for the efficient operation of this industry.

The main outputs of the molybdenum mining and processing industry are various molybdenum products, including molybdenum oxide, molybdenum disulfide, and ferromolybdenum. These outputs are then consumed by a wide range of industries, such as 720810 Steel production, 854011 Electronics manufacturing, and 840720 Automotive manufacturing, where molybdenum is used as an alloying element, a lubricant, or a catalyst.