Cereal straw and husks; unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

HS code 121300 covers the trade and production of cereal straw and husks, which are important agricultural by-products. These materials are widely used as animal feed, bedding, and in the production of various industrial goods. The global market for cereal straw and husks is substantial, with significant trade flows between major agricultural producers and consumers. This industry plays a crucial role in the broader agricultural and manufacturing sectors, contributing to the efficient utilization of crop residues.

Cereal straw and husks are typically collected and processed after the harvesting of cereal crops such as wheat, rice, barley, and oats. The raw materials may be left to dry in the field, then baled or bundled for transportation. In some cases, the straw and husks may be chopped, ground, or pressed into pellets to facilitate handling and storage. Minimal processing is generally required, as the materials are primarily used in their natural state.

The main inputs for this industry are the cereal crops themselves, which provide the raw straw and husks. Machinery such as balers, choppers, and pelletizers may also be used to process the materials. Transportation and storage infrastructure are important to facilitate the movement of these bulky, low-density products.

The primary outputs of this industry are the cereal straw and husks, which are consumed by a variety of downstream industries. These materials are commonly used as 230110 Cereal straw and husks, unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets in animal feed and bedding. They may also be used as 440121 Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms or in the production of 570500 Other carpets and other textile floor coverings, whether or not made up.