Cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets
HS v2022 Code: 1213
About cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets
HS code 1213 covers the trade and production of cereal straw and husks, which are important agricultural by-products. These materials are widely used as animal feed, bedding, and in the manufacture of various products. The global market for cereal straw and husks is significant, with demand driven by the livestock industry, as well as applications in industries such as construction, energy, and horticulture.
Production process
Cereal straw and husks are typically harvested alongside the primary cereal crop, such as wheat, barley, or rice. After the grains have been removed, the remaining straw and husks are collected, often using specialized machinery. The harvested material may then undergo further processing, such as chopping, grinding, or pelletizing, to improve its density and handling characteristics.
Production inputs
The main inputs for the production of cereal straw and husks are the cereal crops themselves, which provide the raw material. Additionally, machinery and equipment used for harvesting, processing, and transporting the materials are important inputs. Labor, energy, and transportation services are also required to support the production and distribution of these agricultural by-products.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of HS code 1213 are the cereal straw and husks themselves, which are then consumed by various industries. The 0401 Dairy products and 0104 Live animals industries are major consumers, using the materials as animal feed and bedding. The 4401 Fuel wood, wood charcoal and other wood in primary forms and 6801 (Setts, curbstones and flagstones, of natural stone (except slate)) industries may also utilize cereal straw and husks for energy production and construction applications, respectively.
Family tree for cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/12'>12: Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit, industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1213'>1213: Cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1201'>1201: Soya beans, whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1202'>1202: Ground-nuts; not roasted or otherwise cooked, whether or not shelled or broken</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1203'>1203: Copra</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1204'>1204: Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1205'>1205: Rape or colza seeds; whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1206'>1206: Sunflower seeds; whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1207'>1207: Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, n.e.c. in chapter 12; whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1208'>1208: Flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits; other than those of mustard</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1209'>1209: Seeds, fruit and spores; of a kind used for sowing</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1210'>1210: Hop cones, fresh or dried, whether or not ground, powdered or in the form of pellets; lupulin</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1211'>1211: Plants and parts of plants (including seeds and fruits), of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1212'>1212: Locust beans, seaweeds and other algae, sugar beet, sugar cane, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground; fruit stones, kernels and other vegetable products (including unroasted chicory roots) used primarily for human consumption, n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1214'>1214: Swedes, mangolds, fodder roots, hay, lucerne (alfalfa), clover, sainfoin, forage kale, lupines, vetches and similar forage products, whether or not in the form of pellets</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/121300'>121300: Cereal straw and husks; unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets</a>"]
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