Raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split

HS v2017 Code: 4101

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
41	01	n/a

Code	4101
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	41

Ancestor Codes: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather

This Code: Raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split

Child Codes: Hides and skins; raw, whole, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin exceeding 16 kg; Hides and skins; other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split; Raw hides and skins; whole, unsplit, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin not exceeding 8kg when simply dried, 10kg when dry-salted or 16kg when fresh, wet-salted or otherwise preserved

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Raw skins of sheep or lambs (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not further prepared), whether or not with wool on or split; Raw hides and skins n.e.c in headings no. 4101, 4102; fresh, salted, dried, pickled or otherwise preserved, not further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split; Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared; Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared; Tanned or crust hides and skins of other animals, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared

About raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split

HS code 4101 covers the trade of raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals. This industry is a crucial component of the global leather supply chain, providing the essential raw material for the production of a wide range of leather goods, from footwear and apparel to furniture and automotive interiors. The demand for these raw materials is driven by the growing global population and the increasing consumption of leather products, particularly in emerging markets.

Production process

The production of raw hides and skins involves several key steps. Animals are typically slaughtered, and their hides are removed, salted, and dried to preserve them. The hides may then undergo additional processing, such as liming, pickling, or other preservation methods, to prepare them for further downstream processing, such as tanning and finishing.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of raw hides and skins under HS code 4101 are the live animals, primarily cattle, buffalo, and horses. Additionally, the industry relies on salt, chemicals, and specialized equipment for the preservation and processing of the hides. Transportation infrastructure and logistics services are also crucial for the efficient movement of these raw materials to tanneries and other leather-processing facilities.

Production outputs

The primary output of the industry covered by HS code 4101 is raw, untanned hides and skins. These materials are then consumed by the 4102 Skins of sheep or lambs and 4103 Other raw hides and skins industries, which further process the hides and skins into finished leather products. The leather produced from these raw materials is used in a wide range of applications, including 4201 Saddlery and harness for any animal, including traces, leads, knee pads, muzzles, saddle cloths, saddlebags, dog coats and the like, 4202 Trunks, suitcases, vanity cases, executive-cases, briefcases, school satchels, spectacle cases, binocular cases, camera cases, musical instrument cases, gun cases, holsters and similar containers; travelling-bags, insulated food or beverages bags, toilet bags, rucksacks, handbags, shopping-bags, wallets, purses, map-cases, cigarette-cases, tobacco-pouches, tool bags, sports bags, bottle-cases, jewelry boxes, powder-boxes, cutlery cases and similar containers, of leather or of composition leather, of sheeting of plastics, of textile materials, of vulcanized fiber or of paperboard, or wholly or mainly covered with such materials or with paper, and 4203 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, of leather or of composition leather.

Family tree for raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/41'>41: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4101'>4101: Raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4102'>4102: Raw skins of sheep or lambs (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not further prepared), whether or not with wool on or split</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4103'>4103: Raw hides and skins n.e.c in headings no. 4101, 4102; fresh, salted, dried, pickled or otherwise preserved, not further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4104'>4104: Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4105'>4105: Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4106'>4106: Tanned or crust hides and skins of other animals, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4107'>4107: Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4112'>4112: Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment dressed leather, of sheep or lamb, without wool on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4113'>4113: Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of animals (other than ovine), without wool or hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4114'>4114: Chamois (including combination chamois) leather; patent leather and patent laminated leather; metallised leather</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4115'>4115: Composition leather with a basis of leather or leather fibre, in slabs, sheets or strip, in rolls or not; parings and other waste of leather or of composition leather, not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles; leather dust, powder and flour</a>"]

    B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410120'>410120: Raw hides and skins; whole, unsplit, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin not exceeding 8kg when simply dried, 10kg when dry-salted or 16kg when fresh, wet-salted or otherwise preserved</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410150'>410150: Hides and skins; raw, whole, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin exceeding 16 kg</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410190'>410190: Hides and skins; other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split</a>"]


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