Ink; for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid

HS v2017 Code: 321511

About ink; for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid

HS code 321511 covers the import and export of black printing ink, a critical component in the global printing and publishing industry. This type of ink is used in a wide range of applications, from commercial printing to packaging and labeling. As a fundamental input for many downstream industries, the trade of black printing ink plays a vital role in the broader economy.

Production process

The production of black printing ink typically involves the blending of pigments, resins, and solvents. Manufacturers use specialized equipment like high-speed mixers and dispersers to ensure a consistent, homogeneous final product. The ink is then filtered and packaged for distribution to printers, publishers, and other end-users.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of black printing ink include carbon black pigments, hydrocarbon resins, and various organic solvents. Manufacturers may also utilize additives such as waxes or drying agents to enhance the ink's performance characteristics. In addition to these raw materials, the industry relies on specialized machinery and equipment for the mixing, milling, and packaging processes.

Production outputs

The primary output of HS code 321511 is black printing ink, which is consumed by a range of industries, including 4901 Printed books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter, 4902 Newspapers, journals and periodicals, whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, and 4908 Transfers (decalcomanias).

Revisions to 321511

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 321511. The most recent 1 version of this code (321511) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 321511 ( HS v2017).

Older versions

Family tree for ink; for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/32'>32: Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints, varnishes; putty, other mastics; inks</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3215'>3215: Ink; printing, writing or drawing ink and other inks; whether or not concentrated or solid</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/321511'>321511: Ink; for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/321519'>321519: Ink; for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solid</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/321590'>321590: Ink; writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight