Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6

HS v2017 Code: 293969

About alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6

HS code 293969 covers a range of alkaloids derived from rye ergot, a fungus that infects rye and other grains. These alkaloids and their derivatives have significant pharmaceutical and medical applications, making them an important part of the global pharmaceutical industry. They are used in the production of various drugs, including treatments for migraines, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological conditions. The trade and production of these alkaloids are closely regulated due to their potent effects and potential for misuse.

Production process

The production of alkaloids covered under HS code 293969 typically involves the extraction and purification of the relevant compounds from rye ergot. This process often starts with the cultivation and harvesting of the rye crop, followed by the separation of the ergot fungus from the grain. The ergot is then processed to extract the desired alkaloids, which may involve techniques such as solvent extraction, chromatography, and crystallization. The extracted alkaloids are then further refined and processed to produce the final pharmaceutical-grade products.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of alkaloids under HS code 293969 include the rye crop, which serves as the source of the ergot fungus, as well as various solvents, reagents, and specialized equipment for the extraction and purification processes. Additionally, the industry relies on skilled labor, including chemists, pharmacists, and technicians, to carry out the complex production and quality control procedures.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the industry covered by HS code 293969 are the various alkaloid compounds and their derivatives, which are then used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the production of a wide range of drugs and medications. These alkaloids may be further processed and combined with other substances to create final drug products. Some of the other HS codes that may consume the output of this industry include 300210 Antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products, 300220 Vaccines for human medicine, and 300290 Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses, among others.

Revisions to 293969

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293969. The most recent 1 version of this code (293969) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 293969 ( HS v2017).

Older versions

Family tree for alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; ephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, and cathine (INN) and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293971'>293971: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

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class I level6
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class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
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