Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof

HS v2017 Code: 293971

About alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (inn), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof

HS code 293971 covers a range of alkaloid compounds derived from natural, plant-based sources. These substances, which include cocaine, ecgonine, and various metamfetamine derivatives, have significant medical and industrial applications, but also carry substantial regulatory oversight due to their potential for abuse. Understanding the production, inputs, and outputs of this industry is crucial for businesses engaged in the import, export, or trade of these specialized chemical compounds.

Production process

The production of the alkaloids covered under HS code 293971 typically involves the extraction and purification of these compounds from plant materials, such as the coca plant. This process may involve techniques like solvent extraction, distillation, and crystallization to isolate the desired alkaloids in a high-purity form. Depending on the specific end-product, additional chemical synthesis steps may be required to modify the molecular structure and create the desired salts, esters, or other derivatives.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the 293971 industry include the raw plant materials, such as coca leaves, as well as various chemical reagents, solvents, and processing equipment. Specialized laboratory equipment and analytical instrumentation are also essential for the purification and quality control of these regulated substances. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical processing, and regulatory compliance.

Production outputs

The alkaloid compounds covered under HS code 293971 have a wide range of applications, primarily in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. These substances may be used as active ingredients in prescription drugs, as well as in the production of 300490 Medicaments, 300210 Antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products, and other related medical products. The industry also supplies inputs to the 293999 (Other heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only) industry, which encompasses a broader range of nitrogen-containing organic compounds.

Revisions to 293971

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293971. The most recent 2 versions of this code (293971) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 293971 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (inn), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293971'>293971: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; ephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, and cathine (INN) and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight