Heterocyclic compounds; alprazolam (INN), camazepam (INN), chlordiazepoxide (INN), clonazepam (INN), clorazepate, delorazepam (INN), diazepam (INN), estazolam (INN), ethyl loflazepate (INN), fludiazepam (INN), flunitrazepam (INN), (cont)

HS v2017 Code: 293391

About heterocyclic compounds; alprazolam (inn), camazepam (inn), chlordiazepoxide (inn), clonazepam (inn), clorazepate, delorazepam (inn), diazepam (inn), estazolam (inn), ethyl loflazepate (inn), fludiazepam (inn), flunitrazepam (inn), (cont)

HS code 293391 covers a diverse range of heterocyclic compounds, including several benzodiazepine drugs that are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. These compounds play a crucial role in the production of various medications, making this industry an integral part of the broader healthcare and chemical sectors. The importance of this industry lies in its ability to supply key ingredients for the manufacture of essential drugs, contributing to the overall well-being and treatment options available to patients worldwide.

Production process

The production of the compounds covered under HS code 293391 typically involves complex organic synthesis techniques. This may include steps such as cyclization, halogenation, and various condensation reactions to construct the desired heterocyclic structures. The specific production methods can vary depending on the target compound, but often involve the use of specialized catalysts, reaction conditions, and purification processes to ensure the desired purity and yield.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of the compounds under HS code 293391 include a range of organic precursor chemicals, such as 290359 benzene derivatives, 290490 other halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, and various nitrogen-containing compounds. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized laboratory equipment, such as reactors, distillation columns, and analytical instruments, as well as a skilled workforce with expertise in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Production outputs

The compounds covered under HS code 293391 are primarily used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the production of various medications, including 300410 (medicaments containing alprazolam (INN), camazepam (INN), chlordiazepoxide (INN), clonazepam (INN), clorazepate, delorazepam (INN), diazepam (INN), estazolam (INN), ethyl loflazepate (INN), fludiazepam (INN), flunitrazepam (INN), (cont)). These APIs are then further processed and formulated by the pharmaceutical industry to create the final drug products. The output of this industry is therefore an essential input for the 300 pharmaceutical products industry.

Revisions to 293391

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293391. The most recent 1 version of this code (293391) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 293391 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for heterocyclic compounds; alprazolam (inn), camazepam (inn), chlordiazepoxide (inn), clonazepam (inn), clorazepate, delorazepam (inn), diazepam (inn), estazolam (inn), ethyl loflazepate (inn), fludiazepam (inn), flunitrazepam (inn), (cont)

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2933'>2933: Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293391'>293391: Heterocyclic compounds; alprazolam (INN), camazepam (INN), chlordiazepoxide (INN), clonazepam (INN), clorazepate, delorazepam (INN), diazepam (INN), estazolam (INN), ethyl loflazepate (INN), fludiazepam (INN), flunitrazepam (INN), (cont)</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293311'>293311: Heterocyclic compounds; with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused pyrazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, phenazone (antipyrin) and its derivatives</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293319'>293319: Heterocyclic compounds; with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused pyrazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, other than henazone (antipyrin) and its derivatives</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293321'>293321: Heterocyclic compounds; with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, hydantoin and its derivatives</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293329'>293329: Heterocyclic compounds; with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused imidazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, other than hydantoin and its derivatives</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293331'>293331: Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, pyridine and its salts</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293332'>293332: Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, piperidine and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293333'>293333: Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, other than pyridine and its salts, other than piperidine and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293339'>293339: Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in 2933.3</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293341'>293341: Heterocyclic compounds; containing a quinoline or isoquinoline ring-system (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, not further fused, levorphanol (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293349'>293349: Heterocyclic compounds; containing a quinoline or isoquinoline ring-system (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, not further fused, other than levorphanol (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293352'>293352: Heterocyclic compounds; containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure, malonylurea (barbituric acid) and its salts</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293353'>293353: Allobarbital (INN), amobarbital (INN), barbital (INN), butalbital (INN), butobarbital, cyclobarbital (INN), methylphenobarbital (INN), pentobarbital (INN), phenobarbital (INN), secbutabarbital (INN), secobarbital (INN) and vinylbital (INN); salts thereof</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293354'>293354: Heterocyclic compounds; containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure, other derivatives of malonylurea (barbituric acid) and salts thereof, n.e.c. in 2933.53</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293355'>293355: Heterocyclic compounds; containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure; loprazolam (INN), mecloqualone (INN), methaqualone (INN), and zipeprol (INN); salts thereof</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293359'>293359: Heterocyclic compounds; containing a pyrimidine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) or piperazine ring in the structure, (other than malonylurea and its derivatives, loprazolam, mecloqualone, methaqualone, zipeprol, and salts thereof) n.e.c. in 2933.5</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293361'>293361: Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, melamine</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293369'>293369: Heterocyclic compounds; containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, others excluding melamine</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293371'>293371: Heterocyclic compounds; lactams; 6-hexanelactam (epsilon-caprolactam)</a>"]
B --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293372'>293372: Heterocyclic compounds; lactams; clobazam (INN) and methyprylon (INN)</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293379'>293379: Heterocyclic compounds; lactams; other than 6-hexanelactam (epsilon caprolactam) and clobazam (INN) and methyprylon (INN)</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293392'>293392: Heterocyclic compounds; azinphos-methyl (ISO)</a>"]
B --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293399'>293399: Heterocyclic compounds; n.e.c. in headings no. 2933</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6
class V level6
class W level6
class X level6
class Y level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight