Cobalt ores and concentrates
HS v2017 Code: 2605
About cobalt ores and concentrates
HS code 2605 covers cobalt ores and concentrates, a vital resource for the global economy. Cobalt is a critical metal used in the production of rechargeable batteries, superalloys, and various industrial and technological applications. As the demand for renewable energy and advanced electronics continues to grow, the importance of cobalt as a strategic mineral has become increasingly recognized worldwide.
Production process
Cobalt ores and concentrates are primarily extracted through mining operations. The ore is first mined, then crushed, and undergoes various beneficiation processes to concentrate the cobalt content. Common techniques include gravity separation, magnetic separation, and flotation. The concentrated cobalt-bearing material is then further processed, often through smelting or hydrometallurgical methods, to produce refined cobalt metal or cobalt chemicals.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the cobalt ore and concentrate industry include mining equipment, crushing and grinding machinery, beneficiation and processing plants, as well as energy sources such as electricity and fuel. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including geologists, mining engineers, and metallurgists, to efficiently extract and process the cobalt-bearing ores.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of the cobalt ore and concentrate industry are refined cobalt metal and cobalt chemicals, such as cobalt oxide and cobalt sulfate. These outputs are then consumed by various downstream industries, including the 8507 Manufacture of electric accumulators for battery production, the 2420 Manufacture of basic precious and other non-ferrous metals for superalloy manufacturing, and the 2011 Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms for the production of cobalt-based catalysts.
Family tree for cobalt ores and concentrates
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/26'>26: Ores, slag and ash</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2605'>2605: Cobalt ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2601'>2601: Iron ores and concentrates; including roasted iron pyrites</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2602'>2602: Manganese ores and concentrates, including ferruginous manganese ores and concentrates with a manganese content of 20% or more, calculated on the dry weight</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2603'>2603: Copper ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2604'>2604: Nickel ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2606'>2606: Aluminium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2607'>2607: Lead ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2608'>2608: Zinc ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2609'>2609: Tin ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2610'>2610: Chromium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2611'>2611: Tungsten ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2612'>2612: Uranium or thorium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2613'>2613: Molybdenum ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2614'>2614: Titanium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2615'>2615: Niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2616'>2616: Precious metal ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2617'>2617: Ores and concentrates; n.e.c. in heading no. 2601</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2618'>2618: Granulated slag (slag sand) from the manufacture of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2619'>2619: Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2620'>2620: Slag, ash and residues; (not from the manufacture of iron or steel) containing metals, arsenic or their compounds</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2621'>2621: Slag and ash n.e.c. in chapter 26; including seaweed ash (kelp) and ash and residues from the incineration of municipal waste</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/260500'>260500: Cobalt ores and concentrates</a>"]
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