Copper ores and concentrates
HS v2017 Code: 2603
About copper ores and concentrates
HS code 2603 covers copper ores and concentrates, which are essential raw materials for the production of copper, a vital metal in various industries. Copper is widely used in electrical wiring, plumbing, construction, and the manufacturing of electronics, machinery, and transportation equipment. The copper mining and processing industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, supplying the necessary materials for a wide range of applications.
Production process
The production of copper ores and concentrates typically involves mining, crushing, and beneficiation processes. Copper ores are extracted from the earth through open-pit or underground mining techniques, depending on the geological characteristics of the deposit. The extracted ores are then crushed and ground to liberate the copper-bearing minerals, which are then concentrated through various separation methods, such as flotation or leaching, to produce a copper concentrate.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the copper ore and concentrate industry include mining equipment, such as excavators, trucks, and crushers, as well as energy sources, such as electricity and fuel, to power the mining and processing operations. Additionally, the industry relies on skilled labor, including geologists, mining engineers, and processing technicians, to ensure efficient and safe operations.
Production outputs
The primary output of the copper ore and concentrate industry is the copper concentrate, which is then further processed by 2804 Copper smelters and refiners to produce pure copper metal. The copper metal is then used in a wide range of industries, including 8501 Electric motors, 8536 Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, and 8544 Insulated wire, cable and other insulated electric conductors, among others.
Family tree for copper ores and concentrates
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/26'>26: Ores, slag and ash</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2603'>2603: Copper ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2601'>2601: Iron ores and concentrates; including roasted iron pyrites</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2602'>2602: Manganese ores and concentrates, including ferruginous manganese ores and concentrates with a manganese content of 20% or more, calculated on the dry weight</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2604'>2604: Nickel ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2605'>2605: Cobalt ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2606'>2606: Aluminium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2607'>2607: Lead ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2608'>2608: Zinc ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2609'>2609: Tin ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2610'>2610: Chromium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2611'>2611: Tungsten ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2612'>2612: Uranium or thorium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2613'>2613: Molybdenum ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2614'>2614: Titanium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2615'>2615: Niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2616'>2616: Precious metal ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2617'>2617: Ores and concentrates; n.e.c. in heading no. 2601</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2618'>2618: Granulated slag (slag sand) from the manufacture of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2619'>2619: Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2620'>2620: Slag, ash and residues; (not from the manufacture of iron or steel) containing metals, arsenic or their compounds</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2621'>2621: Slag and ash n.e.c. in chapter 26; including seaweed ash (kelp) and ash and residues from the incineration of municipal waste</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/260300'>260300: Copper ores and concentrates</a>"]
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