Cereals; fonio (Digitaria spp.)

HS v2017 Code: 100840

About cereals; fonio (digitaria spp.)

HS code 100840 covers the classification of fonio, a type of cereal grain that is primarily cultivated in West Africa. Fonio is an ancient grain that has been a staple food in the region for centuries, and it plays a crucial role in the agricultural and economic landscape. As a highly nutritious and drought-resistant crop, fonio production is an important contributor to food security and sustainable development in many African countries.

Production process

The production of fonio involves several key steps. Farmers typically plant the small fonio seeds by hand, often in rotation with other crops. The plants are then harvested manually, with the grains being separated from the chaff through a process of threshing and winnowing. After drying, the fonio grains are often parboiled or steamed to improve their texture and flavor before being consumed or further processed.

Production inputs

The primary inputs required for fonio production include arable land, labor, and traditional farming tools and equipment. Fonio is well-suited to the semi-arid climates of West Africa, and it can be grown with relatively low inputs of water and fertilizers compared to other cereal crops. However, access to high-quality fonio seeds and appropriate post-harvest processing equipment can be important factors in ensuring efficient and sustainable production.

Production outputs

Fonio is primarily consumed as a staple food, either as a whole grain or processed into flour for use in various dishes. It can also be used as animal feed or as a raw material for the production of 190410 (Prepared foods obtained by the swelling or roasting of cereals or cereal products (for example, corn flakes)) and other cereal-based products. The output of fonio production may also be traded internationally, contributing to the global trade in 100800 Cereals.

Revisions to 100840

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 100840. The most recent 1 version of this code (100840) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 100840 ( HS v2017).

Newer versions
Older versions

Family tree for cereals; fonio (digitaria spp.)

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/10'>10: Cereals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1008'>1008: Buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100840'>100840: Cereals; fonio (Digitaria spp.)</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100810'>100810: Cereals; buckwheat</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100821'>100821: Cereals; millet, seed</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100829'>100829: Cereals; millet, other than seed</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100830'>100830: Cereals; canary seeds</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100850'>100850: Cereals; quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100860'>100860: Cereals; triticale</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/100890'>100890: Cereals; n.e.c. in chapter 10</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight