Cereals

HS v2017 Code: 10

About cereals

HS code 10 covers a wide range of cereal grains, which are the staple food crops of the world. Cereals are essential to global food security, providing a significant portion of the calories and nutrients consumed by the world's population. The cereal industry is a crucial component of the broader agricultural sector, with far-reaching economic and social implications. Cereals are not only a vital food source but also serve as important inputs for various other industries, such as animal feed, biofuels, and industrial applications.

Production process

The production of cereals typically involves a series of well-established techniques. After the land is prepared, the cereal seeds are sown, either manually or using specialized machinery. The crops are then tended to, with activities such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, to ensure optimal growth. When the cereals reach maturity, they are harvested, often using combine harvesters. The harvested grains may then undergo further processing, such as drying, cleaning, and storage, before being distributed or used as inputs for other industries.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the cereal industry include arable land, water for irrigation, agricultural machinery (e.g., tractors, harvesters), fertilizers, and pesticides. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including farmers, agricultural technicians, and logistics personnel. Access to transportation infrastructure, such as roads and railways, is also crucial for the efficient distribution of cereal products.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the cereal industry are the various types of cereal grains, such as wheat, rice, corn, barley, and oats. These grains can be consumed directly as food or used as inputs for other industries. For example, 11 Milling Products, Malt, Starches may use cereals as raw materials, while 23 Animal Feed and Pet Food may incorporate cereal grains into animal feed formulations.

Family tree for cereals

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/10'>10: Cereals</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1001'>1001: Wheat and meslin</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1002'>1002: Rye</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1003'>1003: Barley</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1004'>1004: Oats</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1005'>1005: Maize (corn)</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1006'>1006: Rice</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1007'>1007: Grain sorghum</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1008'>1008: Buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight