Cereals; barley, other than seed

HS code 100390 covers barley, a cereal grain that is widely cultivated and consumed globally. Barley is a versatile crop, used not only for human food and animal feed but also in the production of malt, a key ingredient in beer and whisky. As a hardy, drought-resistant crop, barley plays an important role in global food security and agricultural trade.

Barley is typically grown as an annual crop, with the seeds sown in the fall or spring and harvested in the summer. The production process involves plowing, seeding, fertilizing, and harvesting the crop using specialized agricultural machinery. After harvesting, the barley may undergo further processing, such as drying, cleaning, and storage, before being distributed for various end-uses.

The main inputs required for the production of barley under HS code 100390 include arable land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural machinery. Farmers also rely on access to water resources and favorable climatic conditions to ensure a successful harvest. Additionally, the industry requires transportation infrastructure and storage facilities to move the harvested barley to domestic and international markets.

The primary output of HS code 100390 is barley grain, which can be used for a variety of purposes. The barley may be consumed directly as a food grain, processed into malt for the production of 220300 beer and 220830 whisky, or used as animal feed. The byproducts of barley processing, such as barley straw and hulls, may also have commercial applications. The barley produced under this code can be further classified under other HS codes, such as 110313 Cereal groats, meal and pellets, of barley and 110419 Cereal grains otherwise worked, of barley, not elsewhere specified or included.