Hard coal

cpc code 1101 covers the industry of hard coal, a vital energy source that plays a crucial role in the global economy. Hard coal, also known as bituminous coal, is a dense, black fossil fuel that is extracted from the earth's surface and used primarily for electricity generation and industrial processes. As one of the most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuels, the hard coal industry is a significant contributor to the world's energy supply, meeting the growing demand for reliable and affordable power.

The production of hard coal involves a series of complex geological and mining processes. Coal is typically extracted from underground mines or surface mines, depending on the depth and accessibility of the coal seams. Underground mining techniques, such as longwall mining and room-and-pillar mining, are used to access deeper coal deposits, while surface mining, including open-pit and mountaintop removal, is employed for shallower coal reserves. The extracted coal is then processed, washed, and prepared for transportation and distribution to various end-users.

The hard coal industry requires a range of inputs to support its production processes. Key inputs include mining equipment, such as excavators, draglines, and conveyor systems, as well as energy sources to power the mining operations. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including miners, engineers, and technicians, to safely and efficiently extract and process the coal. Transportation infrastructure, such as railways, ports, and trucks, is also essential for the distribution of the final product to domestic and international markets.

The primary output of the hard coal industry is the coal itself, which is then consumed by various sectors, including 2201 Electricity generation, 2202 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products, and 2301 Manufacture of basic metals. Hard coal is a crucial input for electricity generation, providing a reliable and cost-effective source of energy. It is also used in the production of coke, which is an essential raw material for the steel industry, as well as in certain industrial processes that require high-heat energy.