Coal and peat

cpc code 110 covers the extraction and processing of coal and peat, two of the most important fossil fuels in the global energy mix. Coal is a solid, combustible sedimentary rock formed from the decomposition of ancient plant matter, while peat is a precursor to coal that is extracted from wetland areas. These resources play a vital role in powering electricity generation, industrial processes, and residential heating around the world, making the coal and peat industry a key component of the broader energy sector.

The production of coal and peat involves several key steps. Coal is primarily extracted through surface mining or underground mining techniques, depending on the depth and geological characteristics of the deposit. Surface mining, such as open-pit or mountaintop removal, is used for shallower coal seams, while underground mining with tunnels and shafts is required for deeper deposits. Peat, on the other hand, is harvested from peatlands and bogs using specialized machinery that cuts, dries, and compacts the organic material.

The coal and peat industry requires a range of inputs, including heavy machinery for mining and extraction, such as excavators, draglines, and conveyor systems. Significant amounts of energy, in the form of electricity and fuel, are also needed to power the extraction and processing equipment. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce of miners, geologists, and technicians to locate, extract, and process the coal and peat resources.

The primary outputs of the coal and peat industry are the raw materials themselves, which are then consumed by a variety of other industries. Coal is a major input for 200 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply and 230 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products, while peat is used in 010 Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities as a soil amendment and in 230 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products as a fuel source.