Lead, zinc and tin production

NACE code 24.43 covers the production of lead, zinc, and tin, which are essential non-ferrous metals used in a wide range of industries. These metals play a crucial role in the global economy, serving as key inputs for the manufacturing of various products, from batteries and alloys to electronics and construction materials. The lead, zinc, and tin production industry is a vital component of the broader metal manufacturing sector, contributing to the economic development and technological advancement of many countries worldwide.

The production of lead, zinc, and tin typically involves several key steps. First, the raw ores containing these metals are extracted from mines and quarries. The ores then undergo a series of processing techniques, such as crushing, grinding, and flotation, to concentrate the metal content. Smelting is a crucial step, where the concentrated ores are heated to high temperatures to separate the pure metals from impurities. Finally, the refined metals are cast into ingots or other shapes for further processing or distribution.

The lead, zinc, and tin production industry relies on several key inputs, including raw metal ores, energy sources (such as electricity and fuel), and specialized equipment and machinery. The availability and quality of the metal ores are critical, as they determine the efficiency and yield of the production process. Additionally, the industry requires a skilled workforce, advanced technologies, and efficient transportation and logistics to ensure the smooth operation of production facilities.

The primary outputs of the lead, zinc, and tin production industry are the refined metals themselves, which are then used as inputs for a variety of downstream industries. Lead, for example, is commonly used in the production of batteries, while zinc is used in galvanizing processes and the manufacture of alloys. Tin is often used in the production of tin cans, solder, and various electronic components. The outputs of this industry are consumed by a wide range of NACE codes, including 25.11 Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures, 27.20 Manufacture of batteries and accumulators, and 26.11 Manufacture of electronic components, among others.