Mining and quarrying

isic code B, 'Mining and quarrying', encompasses a diverse range of economic activities that involve the extraction of naturally occurring mineral resources from the earth. This industry plays a vital role in the global economy, providing essential raw materials for a wide range of industries, from construction and manufacturing to energy production and chemical processing. The mining and quarrying sector is a significant contributor to economic growth, employment, and technological innovation, making it a crucial component of the broader industrial landscape.

The production techniques used in the mining and quarrying industry vary depending on the specific mineral resources being extracted. Common methods include surface mining, underground mining, and quarrying. Surface mining, such as open-pit or strip mining, involves the removal of soil and rock to access the desired mineral deposits. Underground mining, on the other hand, utilizes shafts and tunnels to reach deeper deposits. Quarrying is a type of surface mining that focuses on the extraction of dimension stone, such as granite, limestone, or sandstone, from natural rock formations.

The mining and quarrying industry requires a range of inputs, including heavy machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, and drilling equipment, as well as specialized tools and equipment for processing and refining the extracted materials. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including geologists, mining engineers, and technicians, to locate, extract, and process the mineral resources. Energy sources, such as electricity, diesel, and natural gas, are also essential inputs for the various stages of production.

The mining and quarrying industry produces a wide range of outputs, including B05 Coal and lignite, B06 Crude petroleum and natural gas, B07 Metal ores, and B08 Other mining and quarrying. These outputs are then consumed by a variety of other industries, such as C Manufacturing, D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, and F Construction, which use the raw materials for further processing, energy production, and infrastructure development.