Engravings, prints and lithographs; original of an age not exceeding 100 years

HS code 970290 covers a diverse range of artistic works, including engravings, prints, and lithographs that are original and less than 100 years old. This industry plays a vital role in the global art and cultural economy, providing a platform for artists to showcase their talents and for collectors to acquire unique and valuable pieces. The production and trade of these artworks contribute to the preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage, fostering international exchange and appreciation of different artistic traditions.

The production of engravings, prints, and lithographs involves a range of specialized techniques. Engravings are created by incising lines or patterns into a metal plate, usually copper or steel, which is then inked and pressed onto paper to create the final image. Prints are produced through various printmaking processes, such as etching, lithography, or screen printing, where the image is transferred from a matrix (e.g., a plate, stone, or screen) onto paper. Lithographs are a type of print created by drawing the image on a flat limestone or metal plate, which is then chemically treated and used to produce multiple copies.

The production of these artistic works requires a variety of inputs, including specialized tools and equipment, such as engraving tools, printing presses, and lithographic stones. Artists also rely on high-quality paper, inks, and other materials to create their works. Additionally, the industry requires skilled artisans and technicians who are trained in the various printmaking techniques to ensure the quality and authenticity of the final products.

The primary output of this industry is the production of original engravings, prints, and lithographs, which are then sold to art collectors, galleries, and museums. These artworks may be further consumed by 950300 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques, as they are often considered valuable cultural assets. The industry also supports the broader art and cultural sector, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of artistic expression.