Pianos; including automatic pianos, harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments

HS v2022 Code: 9201

About pianos; including automatic pianos, harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments

HS code 9201 covers a diverse range of musical instruments, including pianos, harpsichords, and other keyboard stringed instruments. This industry plays a vital role in the global music and entertainment sectors, providing the tools for musicians, composers, and performers to create and share their art. As a highly specialized and technologically advanced industry, the production of these instruments is a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of its workforce.

Production process

The production of pianos and other keyboard stringed instruments involves a complex and meticulous process. Key steps include the careful selection and seasoning of wood for the soundboard and frame, the precise engineering of the intricate internal mechanisms, and the delicate tuning and voicing of the strings to achieve the desired tonal qualities. Automation and computer-aided design have streamlined certain aspects of production, but the final assembly and finishing touches often require the skilled hands of experienced luthiers and technicians.

Production inputs

The manufacture of HS code 9201 products relies on a range of specialized inputs, including high-quality hardwoods like maple, spruce, and ebony for the instrument bodies and frames, as well as specialized metal alloys for the strings and internal mechanisms. Advanced computer-controlled machinery and precision tools are also essential for the intricate assembly and tuning processes. Additionally, the industry requires a highly skilled workforce of instrument makers, technicians, and tuners to ensure the quality and performance of the final products.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 9201 are pianos, harpsichords, and other keyboard stringed instruments, which are then consumed by a variety of downstream industries, including 9202 Music-Boxes, Fairground Organs, Mechanical Street Organs, Mechanical Singing Birds, Musical Saws and Other Musical Instruments Not Falling Within Any Other Heading of This Chapter; Decoy Calls; Whistles, Call Horns and Other Mouth-Blown Sound Signalling Instruments, 9205 Wind Musical Instruments, and 9206 Percussion Musical Instruments. These instruments are essential for the creation and performance of music in a wide range of settings, from concert halls and recording studios to schools and homes.

Family tree for pianos; including automatic pianos, harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/92'>92: Musical instruments; parts and accessories of such articles</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9201'>9201: Pianos; including automatic pianos, harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9202'>9202: Musical instruments; string, n.e.c. in heading no. 9201, (e.g. guitars, violins, harps)</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9205'>9205: Musical instruments; wind (e.g. keyboard pipe organs, accordions, clarinets, trumpets, bagpipes), other than fairground organs and mechanical street organs</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9206'>9206: Musical instruments; percussion (e.g. drums, xylophones, cymbals, castanets, maracas)</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9207'>9207: Musical instruments; the sound of which is produced or must be amplified, electrically (e.g. organs, guitars, accordions)</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9208'>9208: Musical boxes, fairground and mechanical street organs, mechanical singing birds, musical saws and musical instruments n.e.c. in chapter 92; decoy calls of all kinds; whistles; call horns and other mouth-blown sound signalling instruments</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9209'>9209: Musical instrument parts (for example, mechanisms for musical boxes) and accessories (for example, cards, discs and rolls for mechanical instruments); metronomes, tuning forks and pitch pipes</a>"]

    B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/920110'>920110: Musical instruments; pianos, upright, including automatic pianos</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/920120'>920120: Musical instruments; pianos, grand</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/920190'>920190: Musical instruments; harpsichords and other keyboard stringed instruments n.e.c. in heading no. 9201</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight