Magnets; permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetisation, of metal

HS code 850511 covers permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization, made of metal. These magnets are essential components in a wide range of industries, from electronics and automotive to industrial machinery and medical equipment. Their ability to generate a strong, persistent magnetic field makes them indispensable in numerous applications, contributing to the efficient functioning of various devices and systems across the global economy.

The production of permanent magnets under HS code 850511 typically involves a multi-step process. First, the raw materials, such as iron, neodymium, or samarium, are melted and alloyed to create the desired magnetic properties. The molten alloy is then cast or sintered into the desired shape, often using specialized molds or pressing techniques. The resulting magnets are then magnetized, a process that aligns the magnetic domains within the material, enhancing their magnetic strength. Finally, the magnets may undergo additional finishing steps, such as coating or surface treatment, to improve their durability and performance.

The main inputs required for the production of permanent magnets under HS code 850511 include various metallic raw materials, such as 720310 Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore and other spongy ferrous products, in lumps, pellets or similar forms, 810120 Magnesium and articles thereof, including waste and scrap, and 810530 Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy; cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap. Additionally, specialized machinery and equipment, such as melting furnaces, casting molds, and magnetizing devices, are essential for the manufacturing process.

The primary outputs of the industry covered by HS code 850511 are permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization. These magnets find applications in a wide range of industries, including 851140 (Starter motors and dual purpose starter-generators; other generators (for example, dynamos, alternators), not elsewhere specified or included), 851180 (Electrical ignition or starting equipment of a kind used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines (for example, ignition magnetos, magneto-dynamos, ignition coils, sparking plugs and glow plugs, starter motors); generators (for example, dynamos, alternators) and cut-outs of a kind used in conjunction with such engines), and 902780 (Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis (for example, polarimeters, refractometers, spectrometers, gas or smoke analysis apparatus); instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or the like; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking quantities of heat, sound or light (including exposure meters); microtomes), among others.