Book-binding machinery; including book-sewing machines, parts thereof

HS code 844090 covers a range of machinery and equipment used in the book-binding industry. This industry plays a crucial role in the publishing and printing sectors, enabling the production of high-quality books, magazines, and other printed materials. The book-binding machinery covered under this code is essential for the efficient and cost-effective assembly of printed pages into bound volumes, ensuring the durability and presentation of the final product.

The key production techniques involved in the book-binding industry include sewing, gluing, folding, and cutting. Book-sewing machines are used to stitch the pages together, while other machinery is employed for tasks such as applying adhesive to the spine, folding the pages, and trimming the edges to create the final bound book. These processes are often highly automated, with specialized equipment designed to handle the various stages of book production efficiently.

The main inputs required for the book-binding industry include paper, adhesives, thread or wire for sewing, and the specialized machinery covered under HS code 844090. This machinery, which includes book-sewing machines and other book-binding equipment, is typically manufactured by 845100 Manufacture of office and shop machinery and equipment and 282900 Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery. The industry also relies on a skilled workforce to operate and maintain the equipment.

The primary output of the book-binding industry is the finished, bound book or other printed material. These products are then consumed by 581100 Book publishing, 581400 Publishing of journals and periodicals, and other industries involved in the production and distribution of printed media. The book-binding machinery covered under HS code 844090 is an essential component in the supply chain for these downstream industries.