Book-binding machinery; including book-sewing machines, parts thereof

hs code 844090 covers a range of machinery and equipment used in the book-binding industry. This industry plays a crucial role in the publishing and printing sectors, responsible for transforming printed materials into finished books, magazines, and other bound publications. The machinery described under this code is essential for the efficient and high-quality production of these products, which are in demand across various industries and consumer markets.

The key production techniques involved in the book-binding industry include sewing, folding, gluing, and cutting. Book-sewing machines, for example, are used to stitch together the pages of a book block, while folding machines crease and fold the printed sheets into the desired page layout. Gluing equipment is then used to bind the book block to the cover, and cutting machines trim the edges to create the final book shape.

The main inputs required for the book-binding industry include printed materials (such as paper, cardboard, and other substrates), adhesives, thread or wire for sewing, and the specialized machinery described under hs code 844090. This machinery, which includes book-sewing machines, folding machines, and other binding equipment, is essential for transforming the raw materials into finished bound products.

The primary outputs of the book-binding industry are finished books, magazines, and other bound publications. These products are then consumed by a wide range of industries, including 490110 Publishing of books, 581100 Book publishing, and 581400 Publishing of journals and periodicals. The book-binding industry also produces components and parts that may be used in the manufacture or repair of the machinery described under hs code 844090.