Antimony; waste and scrap

HS code 811020 covers antimony and its waste and scrap. Antimony is a silvery-white metalloid that is widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including the production of lead-acid batteries, flame retardants, and semiconductor devices. As a critical raw material, antimony plays a significant role in the global economy, particularly in the manufacturing and electronics sectors.

Antimony is primarily produced through the smelting of antimony-containing ores. The main production process involves crushing and grinding the ore, followed by flotation or gravity separation to concentrate the antimony content. The concentrated antimony is then smelted in a furnace to produce antimony metal or antimony oxide, which can be further refined and processed into various antimony-based products.

The main inputs required for the antimony industry include antimony-containing ores, which are typically mined from deposits located in countries such as China, Russia, and Bolivia. Additionally, the industry relies on various types of machinery and equipment for mining, ore processing, and smelting operations. Energy sources, such as electricity and fuel, are also essential inputs for the production of antimony.

The primary outputs of the antimony industry are antimony metal and antimony oxide, which are used in a wide range of applications. Antimony metal is commonly used in the production of 851220 lead-acid batteries, 854011 semiconductor devices, and 852990 electronic components. Antimony oxide is a key ingredient in 380610 flame retardants and 852990 other industrial products.