Cobalt; articles n.e.c. in heading no. 8105

HS code 810590 covers a diverse range of cobalt-based products and articles not elsewhere classified in heading 8105. Cobalt is a strategic metal with a wide range of industrial applications, making it an important commodity in the global economy. This industry plays a crucial role in supplying essential materials for various sectors, including aerospace, electronics, and renewable energy technologies.

The production of cobalt and cobalt-containing articles involves several key steps. Cobalt is primarily extracted from cobalt-bearing ores through mining and mineral processing techniques. The extracted cobalt is then refined and processed into various forms, such as cobalt metal, cobalt compounds, and cobalt-containing alloys. Depending on the specific product, additional manufacturing processes may be employed, such as casting, forging, or powder metallurgy.

The main inputs required for the production of cobalt and cobalt-containing articles include cobalt-bearing ores, energy sources, and specialized equipment. Cobalt is typically found in association with other minerals, such as copper and nickel, and the extraction and processing of these ores require significant investments in mining infrastructure and processing facilities. Additionally, the production of cobalt-based products often relies on advanced manufacturing technologies and skilled labor.

The outputs of the cobalt industry encompass a wide range of products, including cobalt metal, cobalt compounds, and cobalt-containing alloys and articles. These outputs are used in various applications, such as 850650 rechargeable batteries, 841191 turbine parts, and 901890 medical devices. The cobalt industry also supplies materials for the production of 810520 cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy and 810530 cobalt waste and scrap.