Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling

HS code 721420 covers a critical category of steel products that are widely used in construction, infrastructure, and various industrial applications. These hot-rolled, hot-drawn, or hot-extruded steel bars and rods are characterized by their distinctive surface deformations, which are intentionally produced during the rolling process to enhance their mechanical properties and performance. This industry plays a vital role in supporting the growth and development of economies worldwide, providing essential raw materials for a diverse range of downstream industries.

The production of steel bars and rods under HS code 721420 typically involves a multi-step process. First, the raw materials, which are primarily iron and alloying elements, are melted in a furnace to create the desired steel composition. The molten steel is then cast into ingots or continuous cast into billets or blooms. These semi-finished products are then subjected to hot-rolling, hot-drawing, or hot-extrusion processes, where the steel is shaped and deformed to create the characteristic surface features, such as indentations, ribs, and grooves. The final products are then cooled, inspected, and prepared for distribution.

The main inputs required for the production of steel bars and rods under HS code 721420 include iron ore, coal, and various alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, and nickel. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized rolling mills, extrusion presses, and other high-precision metalworking equipment to shape and deform the steel during the manufacturing process. Energy sources, such as electricity and natural gas, are also essential for powering the production facilities.

The primary output of this industry is the steel bars and rods classified under HS code 721420. These products are widely used in the construction industry, where they serve as reinforcement for concrete structures, as well as in the manufacturing of machinery, vehicles, and various other industrial applications. The deformed surface features of these steel products enhance their mechanical properties, making them suitable for applications that require high strength and durability. The output of this industry may also be consumed by industries producing goods under other HS codes, such as 730120 Iron or steel; angles, shapes and sections, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, not further worked, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling and 730830 Iron or steel; structures and parts of structures, plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures, among others.