Metals; iridium, osmium, ruthenium, unwrought or in powder form

HS v2022 Code: 711041

About metals; iridium, osmium, ruthenium, unwrought or in powder form

HS code 711041 covers the trade of iridium, osmium, and ruthenium, three rare and valuable precious metals. These metals are part of the platinum group and are known for their exceptional hardness, corrosion resistance, and high melting points. They find widespread use in a variety of industrial applications, from electronics and catalysts to medical devices and jewelry, making them an important component of the global economy.

Production process

Iridium, osmium, and ruthenium are typically extracted from platinum group ore deposits through a complex refining process. The ore is first crushed and processed to concentrate the precious metals. The concentrated material is then subjected to a series of chemical and electrochemical treatments to separate the individual metals. The final products are typically in the form of unwrought ingots or powders, ready for further processing or direct use in various applications.

Production inputs

The production of iridium, osmium, and ruthenium requires access to specialized mining and refining equipment, as well as a reliable supply of platinum group ore deposits. These raw materials are typically found in limited geographic regions, necessitating a global trade network to meet the worldwide demand for these metals. Additionally, the refining process requires the use of various chemicals and energy sources to facilitate the separation and purification of the individual metals.

Production outputs

The metals covered under HS code 711041 are primarily used as inputs for a wide range of industries. Iridium, for example, is used in the production of 711039 Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms and 711049 Rhodium, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, as well as in the manufacture of specialized electronics, electrodes, and medical devices. Osmium and ruthenium also find applications in the production of 711039 Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, 711049 Rhodium, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, and 711021 Palladium, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, in addition to their use in various industrial catalysts and other specialized applications.

Revisions to 711041

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 711041. The most recent 1 version of this code (711041) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 711041.

Family tree for metals; iridium, osmium, ruthenium, unwrought or in powder form

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/71'>71: Natural, cultured pearls; precious, semi-precious stones; precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/7110'>7110: Platinum; unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711041'>711041: Metals; iridium, osmium, ruthenium, unwrought or in powder form</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711011'>711011: Metals; platinum, unwrought or in powder form</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711019'>711019: Metals; platinum, semi-manufactured</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711021'>711021: Metals; palladium, unwrought or in powder form</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711029'>711029: Metals; palladium, semi-manufactured</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711031'>711031: Metals; rhodium, unwrought or in powder form</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711039'>711039: Metals; rhodium, semi-manufactured</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/711049'>711049: Metals; iridium, osmium, ruthenium, semi-manufactured</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight