Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of natural stone

HS v2022 Code: 680423

About millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of natural stone

HS code 680423 covers a diverse range of natural stone products used for grinding, milling, and polishing applications across various industries. These items, which include millstones, grindstones, and grinding wheels, play a crucial role in processing raw materials, refining finished goods, and maintaining industrial machinery. As an integral part of the global manufacturing and construction supply chains, the 680423 industry is a key contributor to economic productivity and growth.

Production process

The production of 680423 items typically involves extracting and processing natural stone materials, such as granite, sandstone, or quartz. The raw stones are first quarried, then cut, shaped, and finished using specialized machinery and techniques. This may include cutting the stones to size, shaping them into the desired form (e.g., circular grinding wheels), and polishing or treating the surfaces to achieve the required abrasive properties and durability.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the 680423 industry include the natural stone raw materials, as well as the machinery and tools used for extraction, cutting, shaping, and finishing the products. This may involve heavy equipment for quarrying, specialized cutting and grinding machines, and various abrasives and bonding agents used in the manufacturing process. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in stone processing and industrial tool production.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the 680423 industry are the various types of millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels, and similar natural stone products. These items are widely used in a range of industries, including 841280 Food processing machinery, 846694 Machines and apparatus for polishing, and 842951 Crushing or grinding machines. The 680423 products are essential for tasks such as milling grains, sharpening tools, and refining materials in manufacturing, construction, and other industrial applications.

Revisions to 680423

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 680423. The most recent 1 version of this code (680423) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 680423.

Family tree for millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of natural stone

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/68'>68: Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials; articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/6804'>6804: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels, etc without frameworks, for grinding, sharpening, polishing, etc and parts thereof, natural stone, agglomerated natural or artificial abrasives or of ceramics</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/680423'>680423: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of natural stone</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/680410'>680410: Millstones and grindstones; for milling, grinding or pulping</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/680421'>680421: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of agglomerated synthetic or natural diamond</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/680422'>680422: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of other agglomerated abrasives or of ceramics</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/680430'>680430: Stones; hand sharpening or polishing stones, of natural stone, agglomerated natural or artificial abrasives or ceramics, with or without parts of other materials</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight