Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood
HS v2022 Code: 4412
About plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood
HS code 4412 covers a diverse range of engineered wood products, including plywood, veneered panels, and other types of laminated wood. These materials play a crucial role in the construction, furniture, and packaging industries, providing durable, versatile, and aesthetically pleasing solutions. As a key component of the global timber trade, the 4412 industry is an important contributor to the broader economy, supporting jobs and economic activity across multiple sectors.
Production process
The production of 4412 products typically involves the layering and bonding of thin wood veneers or sheets, often using adhesives and heat. The specific techniques can vary depending on the desired characteristics of the final product, but generally include peeling, slicing, or sawing of logs to create the individual veneer layers, followed by the assembly and pressing of these layers into a consolidated panel or board. Advanced manufacturing methods, such as the use of computer-controlled machinery and specialized adhesives, have helped to improve the quality, consistency, and efficiency of 4412 production in recent years.
Production inputs
The primary inputs for the 4412 industry are various types of wood, including hardwoods and softwoods, which are sourced from 4403 Wood in the rough and 4407 Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise classifications. Additionally, the industry relies on adhesives, resins, and other bonding agents, as well as specialized machinery and equipment for the manufacturing process. The availability and cost of these raw materials and resources can significantly impact the overall competitiveness and profitability of the 4412 industry.
Production outputs
The main outputs of the 4412 industry are plywood, veneered panels, and other types of laminated wood products, which are widely used in the construction, furniture, and packaging sectors. These materials are often further processed or incorporated into 4418 Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, 9403 Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings, and 4415 Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood industries, among others. The versatility and durability of 4412 products make them essential components in a wide range of applications, contributing to their importance within the broader global economy.
Family tree for plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/44'>44: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4412'>4412: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4401'>4401: Fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms; wood in chip or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4402'>4402: Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4403'>4403: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4404'>4404: Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets, stakes of wood, pointed, not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed, not turned, bent, etc., suitable for walking sticks, umbrellas, tool handles, etc.</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4405'>4405: Wood wool; wood flour</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4406'>4406: Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4407'>4407: Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4408'>4408: Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, planed or not, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4409'>4409: Wood (including strips, friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled), continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, v-jointed, beaded or the like) along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4410'>4410: Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (e.g. waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4411'>4411: Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4413'>4413: Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4414'>4414: Wooden frames; for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4415'>4415: Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4416'>4416: Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4417'>4417: Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4418'>4418: Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4419'>4419: Tableware and kitchenware, of wood</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4420'>4420: Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles of wood; statuettes and other ornaments of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling in chapter 94</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4421'>4421: Wooden articles n.e.c. in heading no. 4414 to 4420</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441210'>441210: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood; of bamboo</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441231'>441231: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood</a>"]
B --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441233'>441233: Plywood; with sheets of wood only; not bamboo; each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut</a>"]
B --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441234'>441234: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood not listed in subheading 4412.33</a>"]
B --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441239'>441239: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with both outer plies of coniferous wood</a>"]
B --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441241'>441241: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood; laminated veneered lumber (LVL); with at least one outer ply of tropical wood</a>"]
B --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441242'>441242: Laminated veneered lumber (LVL); with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood</a>"]
B --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441249'>441249: Laminated veneered lumber (LVL); with both outer plies of coniferous wood</a>"]
B --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441251'>441251: Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard; with at least one outer layer of tropical wood</a>"]
B --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441252'>441252: Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard; with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood, (not containing particle board)</a>"]
B --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441259'>441259: Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard; with both outer plies of coniferous wood</a>"]
B --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441291'>441291: Plywood; n.e.c. in heading 4412, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood</a>"]
B --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441292'>441292: Plywood; n.e.c. in heading 4412, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood</a>"]
B --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/441299'>441299: Plywood; n.e.c. in heading 4412, with both outer plies of coniferous wood</a>"]
%% Color coordination by level
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classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px
%% Apply classes
class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level6
class X level6
class Y level6
class Z level6
class BA level6
class BB level6
class BC level6
class BD level6
class BE level6
class BF level6
class BG level6
class BH level6
class BI level6
class BJ level6
class B highlight
%% class A level1
%% class B,C level2
%% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
%% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
%% class B highlight