Graphite; artificial

HS code 380110 covers the classification of artificial graphite, a versatile material with a wide range of industrial applications. Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon that exhibits unique properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as excellent lubrication and heat resistance. The artificial production of graphite has become increasingly important, as it allows for the tailoring of specific properties to meet the demands of various industries, from electronics to metallurgy.

The production of artificial graphite typically involves the high-temperature treatment of carbon-rich materials, such as petroleum coke or coal tar pitch. This process, known as graphitization, involves heating the raw materials to temperatures exceeding 2,500°C (4,500°F) in the absence of oxygen. This intense heat causes the carbon atoms to rearrange into the characteristic hexagonal crystal structure of graphite, resulting in the desired material properties.

The main inputs required for the production of artificial graphite include carbon-rich raw materials, such as petroleum coke or coal tar pitch, as well as specialized furnaces capable of reaching the high temperatures necessary for the graphitization process. Additionally, various additives and binders may be used to enhance the properties of the final product, depending on the intended application.

The primary output of HS code 380110 is artificial graphite, which finds use in a wide range of industries. Some of the key applications include 851840 electrodes, 854511 brushes, 848210 bearings, and 854890 other electrical machinery and equipment. Artificial graphite is also used in the production of 854511 carbon and graphite electrodes and 854511 carbon brushes, which are essential components in various electrical and industrial applications.