Antibiotics; chloramphenicol and its derivatives; salts thereof

HS code 294140 covers a crucial segment of the pharmaceutical industry - the production of antibiotics, specifically chloramphenicol and its derivatives. Antibiotics play a vital role in modern healthcare, treating a wide range of bacterial infections and saving millions of lives worldwide. The antibiotics industry is a significant contributor to the global economy, with a market size estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars annually.

The production of antibiotics under HS code 294140 typically involves complex fermentation and chemical synthesis processes. Microorganisms, such as certain bacteria and fungi, are cultivated to produce the desired antibiotic compounds, which are then extracted, purified, and formulated into various pharmaceutical products. Specialized equipment, including bioreactors, centrifuges, and chromatography systems, is used to optimize the production and ensure the quality and purity of the final products.

The main inputs required for the production of antibiotics under HS code 294140 include raw materials such as fermentation media, chemical precursors, and solvents. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized machinery and equipment, as well as skilled labor, to carry out the various stages of the production process. Research and development activities, as well as regulatory compliance, are also crucial inputs for this industry.

The primary outputs of the industry covered by HS code 294140 are various antibiotic pharmaceutical products, including chloramphenicol and its derivatives. These antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections, and their outputs are consumed by other industries, such as 300000 Pharmaceutical Products, 330400 Medicinal Preparations, and 382200 Diagnostic or Laboratory Reagents. The production of these antibiotics also generates intermediate products and byproducts that may be used in other industries.