Antibiotics; tetracyclines and their derivatives; salts thereof

HS code 294130 covers the production and trade of antibiotics, specifically tetracyclines and their derivatives, as well as their salts. Antibiotics are a crucial component of modern medicine, playing a vital role in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. The tetracycline class of antibiotics is widely used in various medical and veterinary applications, making this industry a significant contributor to the global healthcare sector.

The production of tetracycline-based antibiotics typically involves a multi-step fermentation process. This process begins with the cultivation of specific strains of bacteria, such as Streptomyces, which are capable of producing the desired antibiotic compounds. The bacteria are then subjected to a series of extraction, purification, and chemical modification steps to isolate the active ingredients and ensure the desired purity and potency of the final product.

The main inputs required for the production of tetracycline-based antibiotics include the raw materials necessary for the fermentation process, such as growth media, nutrients, and the specific bacterial strains. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized equipment and machinery for the various stages of production, including fermentation tanks, centrifuges, and purification systems. Skilled personnel, such as microbiologists, chemists, and process engineers, are also essential for the efficient and safe operation of these production facilities.

The primary output of HS code 294130 is a range of tetracycline-based antibiotic products, which can be used in various medical and veterinary applications. These antibiotics may be further processed or formulated into different dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, or injectable solutions. The outputs from this industry are often consumed by the 300410 Medicaments; containing penicillins or derivatives thereof, with a penicillanic acid structure, or streptomycins or their derivatives and 300420 Medicaments; containing other antibiotics industries, as well as the broader healthcare sector.