Esters; phosphoric, and their salts, including lactophosphates, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate

HS code 291990 covers a diverse range of phosphoric esters and their derivatives, which are essential chemicals used in various industries. These compounds play a crucial role in applications such as plasticizers, flame retardants, and lubricants, making them an integral part of the global chemical supply chain. Their versatility and widespread use underscore the importance of this industry within the broader economy.

The production of phosphoric esters and their derivatives typically involves a multi-step process. The key steps include the esterification of phosphoric acid with various alcohols, followed by the introduction of halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated, or nitrosated functional groups. Specialized catalysts and reaction conditions are often employed to achieve the desired chemical modifications and ensure product quality.

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 291990 products include phosphoric acid, a range of alcohols (such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol), and various halogenating, sulphonating, nitrating, or nitrosating agents. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized equipment and machinery for the chemical synthesis, purification, and packaging of these phosphoric ester derivatives.

The outputs of this industry encompass a diverse array of phosphoric esters and their derivatives, which find applications in numerous sectors. These products may be consumed by industries producing 380610 Rosin and resin acids, 380620 Salts of rosin, of resin acids or of derivatives of rosin or resin acids, 380630 Ester gums, and 380690 Other modified natural resins; and other modified resins, among others. The versatility of these compounds ensures their widespread use across various industries.