Esters; phosphoric, and their salts, including lactophosphates, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate

HS code 291910 covers a range of phosphoric esters and their derivatives, which are essential chemicals used in various industries. These compounds play a crucial role in applications such as flame retardants, plasticizers, and lubricants, making them an integral part of the global chemical supply chain. The production and trade of these specialized chemicals contribute significantly to the broader economy, supporting industries that rely on their unique properties and functionalities.

The production of the chemicals covered under HS code 291910 typically involves a multi-step process. The key steps include the esterification of phosphoric acid with various alcohols, followed by the introduction of halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated, or nitrosated functional groups. The specific techniques used may vary depending on the desired end product, but often involve controlled reactions, purification, and separation processes to ensure the desired purity and composition of the final compounds.

The main inputs required for the production of the chemicals under HS code 291910 include phosphoric acid, a range of alcohols (such as propanol or glycerol), and various halogenating, sulphonating, nitrating, or nitrosating agents. Additionally, specialized equipment and machinery, such as reactors, distillation columns, and purification systems, are necessary to facilitate the complex chemical transformations and ensure consistent product quality. The availability and cost of these raw materials and production resources can significantly impact the overall competitiveness of this industry.

The chemicals produced under HS code 291910 find applications in a diverse range of industries. The phosphoric esters and their derivatives are commonly used as flame retardants in plastics, textiles, and electronic equipment 854420 Insulated wire, cable and other insulated electric conductors. They also serve as plasticizers in the production of 391810 Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated olefins, in primary forms and 392010 Other plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of plastics, non-cellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials. Additionally, these compounds are utilized as lubricants and hydraulic fluids in various industrial applications.