Quinones; anthraquinone

HS v2022 Code: 291461

About quinones; anthraquinone

HS code 291461 covers the classification of quinones, a class of organic compounds that play a vital role in various industries. Quinones, including the specific compound anthraquinone, are widely used as dyes, pigments, and intermediates in the production of a range of consumer and industrial products. This industry is an essential component of the broader chemical manufacturing sector, contributing to the development of diverse applications across various industries.

Production process

The production of quinones and anthraquinone typically involves a series of chemical reactions and purification processes. The primary method is the oxidation of aromatic compounds, such as benzene or naphthalene, using strong oxidizing agents. This process generates the desired quinone compounds, which are then further refined and purified to meet specific quality and purity requirements.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of quinones and anthraquinone include aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 271011 benzene and 271012 naphthalene, as well as various oxidizing agents, solvents, and specialized equipment for the chemical synthesis and purification processes. The industry also relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in organic chemistry and chemical engineering.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 291461 are quinone compounds, including anthraquinone, which are widely used as dyes, pigments, and intermediates in the production of a variety of consumer and industrial products. These outputs may be further processed or incorporated into the manufacturing of [nc_link(320411)(synthetic organic coloring matter), nc_link(320412)(synthetic organic products used as fluorescent brightening agents), nc_link(291469)(other quinones), and nc_link(291500)(quinone-phenols, quinone-alcohols, quinone-aldehydes, quinone-ketones and other quinone compounds).

Revisions to 291461

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291461. The most recent 1 version of this code (291461) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 291461.

Older versions

Family tree for quinones; anthraquinone

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2914'>2914: Ketones and quinones; whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrostated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291461'>291461: Quinones; anthraquinone</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291411'>291411: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, acetone</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291412'>291412: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291413'>291413: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, 4-methylpentan-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone)</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291419'>291419: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, n.e.c. in item no. 2914.1</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291422'>291422: Ketones; cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic, without other oxygen function, cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanones</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291423'>291423: Ketones; cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic, without other oxygen function, ionones and methylionones</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291429'>291429: Ketones; cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic, without other oxygen function, other than cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanones, ionones, and methylionones</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291431'>291431: Ketones; aromatic, (without other oxygen function), phenylacetone (phenylpropan-2-one)</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291439'>291439: Ketones; aromatic, (without other oxygen function), excluding phenylacetone (phenylpropan-2-one)</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291440'>291440: Ketone-alcohols and ketone-aldehydes</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291450'>291450: Ketone-phenols and ketones with other oxygen function</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291462'>291462: Quinones; coenzyme Q10 (ubidecarenone (INN))</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291469'>291469: Quinones; other than anthraquinone and coenzyme Q10 (ubidecarenone (INN))</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291471'>291471: Ketones and quinones; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; chlordecone (ISO)</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291479'>291479: Ketones and quinones; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives, other than chlordecone (ISO)</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight